COFFEE ORIGINS

A lot of legends, more or less known, about the origin of coffee exist.
According to one of these, one day when the Profhet Mohammed felt very ill, the archangel Gabriel came to help him, bringing him a potion directly sent by Allah. The drink was so dark as the Sacred Black Stone in the Mecca, commonly called " qawa ". Mohammed drank it,suddenly came to life again and set out again for great enterprises.

Hence the Arabic word Qahwa that means wine and exciting drink would be born and gave origin to the Turkish Kahve from which, finally, the word Coffee.

More known is instead the legend according to which an Arabic shepherd named Kaddi, having herded his goats to pasture, he noticed that they showed signs of excitement after eating the berries of a plant grewing wild. The shepherd told what happened to the venerable abbot Yahia who, guessing the properties of the plant, made a bitter drink that heated the body, reinvigorated it, and freed it from sleep and tiredness.

In Italy coffee arrived around 1570 to Venice, thanks to the Paduan Prospero Alpino, a known botanist and physician, who brought some sacks of it from the East. In 1615 in Venice was opened the first “Coffee Shop” and in short coffee shops rose in Turin, Genoa, Milan, Florence and Romeand become famous as centers of culture. After its apparition also in the rest of Europe and the opening of the first “Coffee shops” in Vienna, Marseille and London, the demand of coffee began to increase and with it its production.

The custom to drink coffee became soon fashionable and the drink was also celebrated in art by Rosseau (the comedy “The Coffee”), by Goldoni (“The Coffee Shop”) and by Bach (“Coffee Cantata” work 211).

The production of coffee is essentially concentrated in the areas between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. Therefore, in a warm and dump climate, with temperatures between 4 and 37 ° C.
The first ten manufacturing countries of coffee are: Brazil, Colombia, Vietnam, Indonesia, India, Mexico, Ethiopia, the Ivory Coast, Guatemala and Uganda.

Around 60 different kinds of plants exist in the world belonging to the kind coffea but only two of them are on the top in the commerce of coffee grains:

• Coffea Arabica
• Coffea Canephora also said Robusta (Strong)

Coffea Arabica
It has quite small and intensely perfumed grains, copper green with blue tones and a flattened and lengthened shape, with a vaguely S-shaped furrow. It has a content of caffeine is between 0,8 and 1,6.
Arabica represents the 3/4 of the world production. Great producers are Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Ethiopia and Guatemala. The most known varieties are: Moka, Typica, Bourbon, JamaicaBlueMountain, Maragogype.

Coffea Robusta
The kind Robusta (Strong), so called due to the vigor of the bush, the resistance to diseases, bugs and heat, has round, smaller grains, with an almost straight furrow, pale green with gray tones.
It has a high content of caffeine: between 1,5 and 3.
It is produced in Indonesia, in Brazil, in Ivory Coast, in India, in Uganda, in Madagascar and in many other countries, among which Vietnam.